Accessorial Charges & Fees
Glossary
Detention, liftgate, lumper fees - demystify the accessorial charges that show up on your freight invoices and learn how to manage them.
Accessorial Charges (overview)
See Full Definition ->Additional fees charged by carriers for services beyond standard pickup and delivery - such as liftgate use, detention, inside delivery, or hazmat handling - that are not included in the base freight rate.
Appointment Fee
See Full Definition ->A carrier-assessed charge for scheduling and keeping a specific delivery or pickup appointment at a facility that requires prearranged time slots - covering the carrier's coordination effort and the constraint on their scheduling flexibility.
Deadhead / Deadhead Miles
See Full Definition ->The distance a truck travels empty - without revenue-generating freight - typically when repositioning from a delivery location to the next pickup, directly increasing a carrier's operating cost per loaded mile.
Demurrage
See Full Definition ->A charge applied when shipping containers or intermodal equipment are held beyond the allotted free time at a port, rail terminal, or container yard - essentially the container equivalent of detention.
Detention
See Full Definition ->A fee charged by a carrier when a truck is held at a shipper's or receiver's facility beyond the agreed free time for loading or unloading, compensating the driver for lost productivity.
Driver Layover
See Full Definition ->A charge assessed when a driver is required to stay overnight or for an extended period at or near a facility because loading or unloading could not be completed within the scheduled window - going beyond standard detention.
Hazmat Fee
See Full Definition ->An accessorial charge for transporting hazardous materials, covering the carrier's additional compliance, documentation, placarding, driver training, and insurance requirements mandated by DOT and FMCSA regulations.
Inside Delivery
See Full Definition ->An accessorial charge for carrying freight beyond the truck's tailgate or the facility's loading dock into a specific interior location - such as a stockroom, kitchen, or upper floor - as designated by the receiver.
Liftgate Delivery / Liftgate Service
See Full Definition ->An accessorial charge for using a hydraulic liftgate mounted on the trailer to lower freight to ground level at delivery - required when the receiving location lacks a loading dock.
Limited Access Delivery
See Full Definition ->An accessorial fee applied when a delivery location is classified as difficult to access - such as construction sites, military bases, schools, churches, or rural areas - requiring extra time or equipment from the carrier.
Lumper Fee
See Full Definition ->A charge for third-party labor used to unload freight at a delivery facility - common in food and beverage, grocery, and retail distribution where receivers require professional lumper services instead of driver-assisted unloading.
Overweight / Oversize Surcharge
See Full Definition ->A penalty or additional fee applied when a shipment exceeds standard weight or dimensional limits for its freight class or equipment type - triggered by individual pieces, pallets, or total load weight beyond published thresholds.
Pallet Exchange / Pallet Fee
See Full Definition ->A fee or exchange requirement related to the pallets used to ship freight - either a charge for non-returned pallets or a requirement to swap pallets at pickup or delivery to maintain a pallet pool.
Re-Class / Reclassification Fee
See Full Definition ->A charge applied by an LTL carrier when the actual freight class of a shipment differs from what was declared on the bill of lading - typically resulting in a higher rate and a reclassification penalty on top of the corrected charges.
Redelivery Fee
See Full Definition ->A charge assessed by the carrier when a delivery attempt fails and the shipment must be returned to the terminal and redelivered - typically caused by the receiver being closed, refusing freight, or lacking an appointment.
Reefer Fuel Surcharge
See Full Definition ->An additional fuel charge specific to temperature-controlled shipments, covering the cost of running the refrigeration unit's engine - which burns diesel independently of the truck's main engine - throughout transit.
Residential Delivery Surcharge
See Full Definition ->An additional fee carriers charge for delivering freight to a residential address, reflecting the added cost of navigating neighborhoods, limited access, and the lack of commercial receiving equipment.
Sorting and Segregation Fee
See Full Definition ->An LTL accessorial charge applied when a carrier must separate, sort, or reorganize freight on a pallet or within a shipment to match multiple purchase orders, delivery destinations, or SKU requirements at the destination.
Stop-Off Charge
See Full Definition ->A fee charged by the carrier for each additional pickup or delivery stop beyond the origin and final destination on a single shipment - covering the extra time, mileage, and handling involved in multi-stop routes.
Storage in Transit
See Full Definition ->A fee charged when a shipment is held at a carrier's terminal or warehouse during transit - typically because the receiver isn't ready to accept delivery or the shipper requests a delay - with daily charges accruing until the freight moves again.
Temperature Protection / Protect from Freeze
See Full Definition ->An accessorial service and charge for protecting freight from freezing temperatures during transit - using heated trailers, insulated blankets, or temperature-monitoring equipment - common for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and chemical shipments during cold-weather months.
Truck Order Not Used (TONU)
See Full Definition ->A penalty fee charged by a carrier when a truck is dispatched to pick up a load but the shipment is canceled, not ready, or otherwise unavailable - compensating the carrier for the wasted trip.
